When the Japanese isolationist regime softened, they opened themselves to globalization resulting in notable Japanese influence around the world.
Japanese design became more accessible and gained great popularity. In fact, it became so popular and so incessantly appropriated and reproduced by Western artists, that the Western World's fascination and preoccupation with Japanese art gave rise to the new term, Japonism or Japonisme. This style was admired by Mackintosh because of: its restraint and economy of means rather than ostentatious accumulation; its simple forms and natural materials rather than elaboration and artifice; the use of texture and light and shadow rather than pattern and ornament.
In the old western style, furniture was seen as ornament that displayed the wealth of its owner and the value of the piece was established according to the length of time spent creating it. In the Japanese arts furniture and design focused on the quality of the space, which was meant to evoke a calming and organic feeling to the interior.
At the same time a new philosophy concerned with creating functional and practical design was emerging throughout Europe: the so-called "modernist ideas". The main concept of the Modernist movement was to develop innovative ideas and new technology: design concerned with the present and the future, rather than with history and tradition.
Heavy ornamentation and inherited styles were discarded. His concern was to build around the needs of people: people seen, not as masses, but as individuals who needed not a machine for living in but a work of art.
Mackintosh took his inspiration from his Scottish upbringing and blended them with the flourish of Art Nouveau and the simplicity of Japanese forms. While working in architecture, Charles Rennie Mackintosh developed his own style: a contrast between strong right angles and floral-inspired decorative motifs with subtle curves, e.
The project that helped make his international reputation was the Glasgow School of Art — This is considered to be one of Charles Rennie Mackintosh most mysterious projects. It is the only church by the Glasgow born artist to be built and is now the Charles Rennie Mackintosh Society headquarters. Like his contemporary Frank Lloyd Wright, Mackintosh's architectural designs often included extensive specifications for the detailing, decoration, and furnishing of his buildings.
The majority if not all of this detailing and significant contributions to his architectural drawings were designed and detailed by his wife Margaret Macdonald whom Charles had met when they both attended the Glasgow School of Art. His work was shown at the Vienna Secession Exhibition in All his major commissions were between and , where he designed private homes, commercial buildings, interior renovations and churches.
Unbuilt designs Although moderately popular for a period in his native Scotland, most of Mackintosh's more ambitious designs were not built. Designs for various buildings for the Glasgow International Exhibition were not constructed, neither was his "Haus eines Kunstfreundes" Art Lover's House of the same year.
He competed in the design competition for Liverpool Cathedral, but failed to gain a place on the shortlist the winner was Giles Gilbert Scott. MacNair and Frances would also marry. This group of artists exhibited in Glasgow, London and Vienna, and these exhibitions helped establish Mackintosh's reputation.
The building was designed for a competition for an 'Art Lover's House' in but not built until As well as admiring the magnificent external design, explore breathtaking rooms with lavishly detailed interiors that are filled with recognisably Mackintosh motifs, including the often-photographed white Music Room.
After exploring, browse the Art Lover's Shop or relax in the Art Lover's Cafe, and discover amazing sculptures by a variety of artists in the park around the house. Astonishingly, the home that Mackintosh shared with his wife at 6 Florentine Terrace has been meticulously reassembled at this site, ensuring the sequence of rooms exactly reflect the original. The house even shares the same views, as the original was only metres away. Visit the beautiful building of Scotland Street School Museum , which is free to enter, to see impressive leaded glass towers and the magnificent tiled entrance hall.
Once a functioning school, it now tells the story of education in Scotland from the late 19th century to the late 20th century, including reconstructed classrooms from across the years. There is also a room dedicated to Mackintosh, which explores how he had to adapt his usual style to fit the requirements of the School Board of Glasgow.
Learn more about Mackintosh, his contemporaries and their pioneering works at the Kelvingrove Art Gallery and Museum , which is home to the Mackintosh and the Glasgow Style Gallery, the largest permanent display of work by key names in the Glasgow Style movement.
The interior designs featured motifs by Mackintosh and an extensive mural by him, which has been restored. Visit advice page.
House for an Art Lover, Glasgow. Home About Famous Scots Mackintosh. Who is Mackintosh? Making The Glasgow Style The Glasgow School of Art became the centre of an art movement in Scotland, and quickly earned its stellar reputation for architecture, art and design.
Visit Glasgow and explore the life and times of Charles Rennie Mackintosh in the city. Discover the must see Mackintosh attractions and events as Glasgow marks the th anniversary of his birth, find out more about what's on here: www.
He was to work there until , when he moved to the long established and prestigious architectural practice of Honeyman and Keppie. Throughout this time Mackintosh attended evening classes at the Glasgow School of Art, where his talents at last began to be recognised.
It was through the School of Art that in he gained his first commission as a professional, and won a prize from the Glasgow Institute of Fine Art, for a design for a terraced house. It was also at the Glasgow School of Art that Mackintosh met the three people who were to be highly influential on him. Together they became known as The Four and eventually went on to exhibit their artworks in Glasgow, London, Turin and Vienna.
What became known as "The Glasgow style" went on to strongly influenced the Viennese Art Nouveau movement. Meanwhile things progressed steadily on the architectural front. By Mackintosh was well enough established with Honeyman and Keppie to become a partner, and he became a member of the Royal Institute of British Architects in It was during the ten years either side of that most of the classic buildings associated with Mackintosh emerged.
Mackintosh's attention to detail was fanatical: in the Scotland Street School, for example, hot water pipes were routed below the coathooks, meaning that pupil's coats were warm and dry at the end of the day. But this attention to detail, which some have attributed to borderline autism on Mackintosh's part, also meant that the projects he led were seldom if ever profitable. After commissions were fewer and further between, and Mackintosh turned to alcohol.
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