People with poorly controlled anxiety often avoid social situations, which can impact family and work relationships. May experience anticipatory anxiety in situations where they have to use cognitive skills. Similar to depression, successful treatment can lead to improvement of cognitive problems related to anxiety. Sleep disturbance The impact of poor sleep on attention, alertness and memory are well-known. Problems with falling and staying asleep are common in PD, especially as the disease progresses.
Mild reductions in sleep can directly impair attention, judgment and the ability to multi-task because people with PD have a lower cognitive reserve or resistance of the brain to stressors.
Undergoing a sleep study examines sleeping patterns and how often sleep is disrupted. Sleep problems are often addressed with medication and behavioral treatments. As sleep improves, its impact on thinking and memory is reduced. Four types of sleep problems have been reported in PD: Issues staying asleep and early morning awakening insomnia. Involuntary movements and pain that interrupt sleep.
Increased nighttime urination. Nighttime agitation, vivid dreams and visual misperceptions or hallucinations. Fatigue Just as fatigue can cause problems with movement and walking in PD, it can also impair thinking and memory. For example, a person with PD may have difficulty performing a complex cognitive task like working on taxes over extended periods.
Maximize attention and energy resources by diving tasks into more manageable 10 to minute sections. This helps minimize fatigue and keep you on task. Be aware that as the day wears on, people with PD may begin to fatigue — physically and cognitively. Seeking Help for Cognitive Changes Cognitive change is a sensitive issue.
How are cognitive problems treated? Cognitive Remediation Therapy For those with milder cognitive deficits, c ognitive remediation therapy is a treatment that emphasizes teaching alternative ways to compensate for memory or thinking problems. While widely used in the treatment of cognitive problems resulting from brain injury or stroke, there has been less use of this technique in people with PD.
Does not reverse or cure cognitive disorders, but instead teaches strategies that can help with daily functioning and coping with cognitive problems. Depending on the severity of cognitive impairment, many can use these skills independently. In cases where the person is more impaired, caregivers or family members can help apply these strategies. Usually conducted by a neuropsychologist or speech-language pathologist, who is specially trained in these techniques and can provide a supportive environment for the person with PD to express concerns and frustrations over changes in mental functioning.
Behavioral Management In this type of treatment, changes in the environment can be made to help minimize memory, visual-perceptual or orientation difficulties. Behavioral strategies can help deal with other problems such as impulsivity, wandering, poor initiation and problems with communication.
Many benefit from a regular routine in their day-to-day activities and feel more comfortable with a clear, structured schedule. Tips for Caregivers Offer help only when asked. Put reminder notes and lists in a prominent place. Keep things in routine places.
To ensure medications are taken on time, provide a dispenser, perhaps with a built-in alarm. Use photos on cell phone contact entries to prompt face-name association. When presenting the person with a list of actions, first verbalize them, then write them down. Ask questions to moderate the conversation pace and allow catch up and reinforcement.
What Is Parkinson's? Please enter a valid email. What is your Parkinson's connection? Are you involved with the person with Parkinson's care? Although there's currently no cure for Parkinson's disease, treatments are available to help reduce the main symptoms and maintain quality of life for as long as possible. You may not need any treatment during the early stages of Parkinson's disease, as symptoms are usually mild.
But you may need regular appointments with your specialist so your condition can be monitored. As the condition progresses, the symptoms of Parkinson's disease can get worse and it can become increasingly difficult to carry out everyday activities without help.
Many people respond well to treatment and only experience mild to moderate disability, whereas the minority may not respond as well and can, in time, become more severely disabled. Parkinson's disease does not directly cause people to die, but the condition can place great strain on the body, and can make some people more vulnerable to serious and life-threatening infections.
But with advances in treatment, most people with Parkinson's disease now have a normal or near-normal life expectancy. Dysfunction in visual-spatial abilities causes difficulties in perceiving, processing, discriminating, and acting on visual information around the person.
People with PD who experience visual-spatial dysfunction may have difficulty navigating around their home, reaching for objects, or avoiding obstacles in their path. Dementia is defined as problems in more than one cognitive area, and the cognitive problems cause significant impairment in everyday functioning. Dementia in PD is more common with advanced disease, usually developing many years after the initial onset of the disease.
Patients who develop dementia before or at the same time of PD motor symptoms are usually given the diagnosis of dementia with Lewy bodies.
However, many experts believe both PD with dementia and dementia with Lewy bodies are related disorders that fall under Lewy body disorders.
Occupational therapy can help a person with PD by providing adaptive strategies for daily activities. Speech therapy can help with language functions, as well as information processing. By providing your email address, you are agreeing to our privacy policy. We never sell or share your email address. Mayo Clinic does not endorse companies or products. Advertising revenue supports our not-for-profit mission. This content does not have an English version. This content does not have an Arabic version.
Overview Parkinson's disease is a progressive nervous system disorder that affects movement. Request an Appointment at Mayo Clinic. Share on: Facebook Twitter. Show references Jameson JL, et al. Parkinson's disease. In: Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine. The McGraw-Hill Companies; Accessed May 26, Parkinson's disease: Hope through research. National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke.
Ferri FF. Parkinson disease. In: Ferri's Clinical Advisor Elsevier; Chou KL. Diagnosis and differential diagnosis of Parkinson disease. Spindler MA, et al.
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