In some women, the pancreas is not able to secrete enough insulin to counterbalance the effect of these hormones, causing hyperglycemia , then diabetes. The Canadian Diabetes Association Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Diabetes in Canada recommends diabetes screening for all pregnant women, between the 24th and 28th week of pregnancy.
Women with a higher risk of developing gestational diabetes should be tested earlier. Most centres use a method done at two separate times. It begins with a blood test measuring blood glucose sugar levels 1 hour after drinking a sugary liquid containing 50 g of glucose, at any time of day. If the result is:. The second method the oral glucose tolerance test OGTT , with a sweetened liquid containing 75 g of glucose and three blood tests. A diagnosis is made if at least one of the three blood tests has values equal to or greater than:.
There are numerous risks when gestational diabetes is not properly controlled and blood glucose sugar levels remain high. Generally, a healthy diet with proper portion control and distribution of carbohydrates sugars , as well as a healthy lifestyle stress management, enough sleep and physical activity , are sufficient to control gestational diabetes. If blood glucose sugar levels remain too high, the physician will prescribe insulin injections or, in some cases, oral antidiabetics.
The target values for controlling gestational diabetes differ from those of other types of diabetes. A balanced diet is essential for the control of blood glucose sugar levels and for a healthy pregnancy. A carbohydrate-controlled diet is the foundation of the treatment.
It is essential not to eliminate carbohydrates completely but rather to distribute them throughout the day. A dietitian will help you establish or modify your meal plan based on your energy needs. This content does not have an English version. This content does not have an Arabic version. Sections for Glucose tolerance test About. Overview The glucose tolerance test, also known as the oral glucose tolerance test, measures your body's response to sugar glucose.
Request an Appointment at Mayo Clinic. Share on: Facebook Twitter. Show references Glucose tests. Lab Tests Online. Accessed Jan. Gestational diabetes. Mayo Clinic. American Diabetes Association. Standards of medical care in diabetes — Diabetes Care. Masharani U. Diabetes mellitus and hypoglycemia. In: Current Medical Diagnosis and Treatment Ask your doctor about properly timing your insulin injections in relation to your meals and exercise to avoid low blood sugar.
Your doctor can also tell you what to do if your blood sugar levels fall too low or are consistently higher than they should be. A balanced diet is key to properly managing gestational diabetes. In particular, women with gestational diabetes should pay special attention to their carbohydrate, protein, and fat intake. Eating regularly — as often as every two hours — can also help you to control your blood sugar levels.
Properly spacing out carbohydrate-rich foods will help to prevent blood sugar spikes. Your doctor will help you determine exactly how many carbohydrates you should eat each day. They may also recommend that you see a registered dietician to help with meal plans. Pregnant women should eat two to three servings of protein each day. Good sources of protein include lean meats and poultry , fish , and tofu.
Healthy fats to incorporate into your diet include unsalted nuts , seeds , olive oil , and avocado. Get more tips here on what to eat — and avoid — if you have gestational diabetes. If your gestational diabetes is poorly managed, your blood sugar levels may remain higher than they should be throughout your pregnancy.
This can lead to complications and affect the health of your child. For example, when your baby is born, he or she may have:. They may also be at higher risk of developing diabetes later in life.
Your blood sugar should return to normal after you give birth. But developing gestational diabetes raises your risk of type 2 diabetes later in life. Ask your doctor how you can lower your risk of developing these conditions and associated complications.
However, adopting healthy habits can reduce your chances of developing the condition. Even light activity, such as walking, may be beneficial. Even losing a small amount of weight can help you reduce your risk of gestational diabetes. Read this article in Spanish. Gestational diabetes refers to high blood sugar levels during pregnancy, and it's fairly common. You may wonder whether preventing gestational….
The gestational diabetes test is an important part of prenatal care, and all pregnant women should receive it. Learn what to expect.
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